Creation Science As Pseudoscience Essays - Pseudoscience

Creation Science As Pseudoscience In every civilization throughout history, man has searched for the explanation to his existence. In ancient society's people created origin myths. Every civilization had a unique myth. Some myths involved gods and others involved nature. Sometime around one thousand B.C. the longest standing creation myth was popularized. This creation myth is still in practice today, almost three thousand years later. The myth I am referring to is the Genesis recollection in the bible. In the early 1800's scientists carried out many experiments in the attempt to give scientific proof to the Genesis account. In 1859 when Charles Darwin published his Origin of Species theory, the Genesis "myth" was no longer regarded as scientifically plausible. Darwin's theory went against everything in Genesis and gave a more logical explanation to human existence than the account in Genesis. Religion and science were separated and were now fighting for people's beliefs. Evolution, or Darwinism, offers a reasonable and highly logical explanation whereas the religious groups offer another logical explanation though in this explanation you have to presume certain assumptions taken from Genesis. Most creationists believe that the earth was created somewhere between five to ten thousand years ago. Their arguments involve primarily attacking evolution. Evolutionists dispute all of the creationist claims and have explanations to most if not all of them. Creationism is a creditable pursuit but due to the fact that it is primarily based in religion it should not be considered a science as many people deem it to be. There are two kinds of creationists, pure creationists, which I will be talking about in this essay, and theistic evolutionists. Pure creationists believe that the bible is a literal depiction of the creation of the universe; they believe God created the universe during six 24-hour days, the earth is young, and the global flood was a real event. Theistic evolutionists believe that the days of creation are long periods of time in which evolution occurred. They consider themselves creationists because they believe God started the process and intervened along the way. This view incorporates evolution and religion. Theistic evolutions can be religious as well as scientific. It is this compromise that gives people a believable view of creation while not dismissing God's role in creation. Pure creationists do not except theistic evolutionists as creationists. They believe that if you don't believe that the bible is literal then you are not a real creationist. Creationism is rooted in the bible, but is not entirely unscientific. Modern creationists deal mainly in finding and presenting scientific fact that will work against evolution or give proof to Genesis. Creation scientists attempt to disprove evolution in any way possible. Some of their main arguments include their claim that natural selection, the backbone of evolution, does not occur outside of the category "kind"; The claim that there are no fossils indicating transition, meaning that all life was created in its full form, by god; flaws in radiometric dating and several other disputable errors in evolutionary thought. The creationists believe that science is the act of pursuing scientific facts. They believe that their motives in searching for these facts are irrelevant. They use the scientific method drawing hypothesis from the bible. In many respects I agree with this view of science. I agree with the idea of pursing scientific facts but I disagree that all scientific motives should be equal. Science should be unbiased and when using a religious hypothesis you will draw a religious conclusion. The main flaw in creationist thought is that they set conditions that will prove creationism but they do not stipulate conditions that will disprove creationism. The results of creationist experiments will either count for creation or not count at all. In a true scientific experiment the results of an experiment can falsify the hypothesis, this is not the case with creationist experiments. Since Darwin separated creation science from the rest of science in 1859 there has been strong opposition to creation science. Religious belief in creationism is the one factor that keeps evolution from being considered an absolute fact. If Genesis was not a fundamental part of two or more widely practiced religions then people would look at the origin of man as a scientific concern. Evolutionists do not take creationism seriously. The science community regards creation science as a pseudoscience. Creationism despite any "proof" working for it is still based in religion and thus cannot be considered a science. Any experiment in creation science will be conducted to prove the events described in the bible. Evolutionists believe that science is the study

Proportions Problems Worksheet - Practical Questions

Proportions Problems Worksheet - Practical Questions A proportion is a set of 2 fractions that equal each other. This article focuses on how to use proportions to solve real life problems. Real World Uses of Proportions Modifying a budget for a restaurant chain that is expanding from 3 locations to 20 locationsCreating a skyscraper from blueprintsCalculating tips, commissions, and sales tax Modifying a Recipe On Monday, you are cooking enough white rice to serve exactly 3 people. The recipe calls for 2 cups of water and 1 cup of dry rice. On Sunday, you are going to serve rice to 12 people. How would the recipe change? If you’ve ever made rice, you know that this ratio - 1 part dry rice and 2 parts water  - is important. Mess it up, and you’ll be scooping a gummy, hot mess on top of your guests crawfish à ©touffà ©e. Because you are quadrupling your guest list (3 people * 4 12 people), you must quadruple your recipe. Cook 8 cups of water and 4 cups of dry rice. These shifts in a recipe demonstrate the heart of proportions: use a ratio to accommodate lifes greater and smaller changes. Algebra and Proportions 1 Sure, with the right numbers, you can forgo setting up an algebraic equation to determine the amounts of dry rice and water. What happens when the numbers are not so friendly? On Thanksgiving, youll be serving rice to 25 people. How much water   do you need?Because the ratio of 2 parts water and 1 part dry rice applies to cooking 25 servings of rice, use a proportion to determine the quantity of ingredients. Note: Translating a word problem into an equation is super important. Yes, you can solve an incorrectly set up equation and find an answer. You can also mix rice and water together to create food to serve at Thanksgiving. Whether the answer or food is palatable depends on the equation. Think about what you know: 3 servings of cooked rice 2 cups of water; 1 cup of dry rice25 servings of cooked rice ? cups of water; ? cup of dry rice3 servings of cooked rice/25 servings of cooked rice 2 cups of water/x cups of water3/25 2/x Cross multiply. Hint: Write these fractions vertically to get the full understanding of cross multiplying. To cross multiply, take the first fractions numerator and multiply it by the second fractions denominator. Then take the second fractions numerator and multiply it by the first fractions denominator.3 * x 2 * 253x 50Divide both sides of the equation by 3 to solve for x.3x/3 50/3x 16.6667 cups of waterFreeze- verify that the answer is correct.Is 3/25 2/16.6667?3/25 .122/16.6667 .12Whoo hoo! The first proportion is right.   Algebra and Proportions 2 Remember that x will not always be in the numerator. Sometimes the variable is in the denominator, but the process is the same. Solve the following for x. 36/x 108/12 Cross multiply:36 * 12 108 * x432 108xDivide both sides by 108 to solve for x.432/108 108x/1084 xCheck and make sure the answer is right. Remember, a proportion is defined as 2 equivalent fractions:Does 36/4 108/12?36/4 9108/12 9It’s right! Practice Exercises Instructions: For each exercise, set up a proportion and solve. Check each answer.1. Damian is making brownies to serve at the family picnic. If the recipe calls for 2  ½ cups of cocoa to serve 4 people, how many cups will he need if there will be 60 people at the picnic? 2. A piglet can gain 3 pounds in 36 hours. If this rate continues, the pig will reach 18 pounds in _________ hours. 3. Denise’s rabbit can eat 70 pounds of food in 80 days. How long will it take the rabbit to eat 87.5 pounds? 4. Jessica drives 130 miles every two hours. If this rate continues, how long will it take her to drive 1,000 miles?

Analysis essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Analysis - Essay Example It is not until the ad shows the picture of Schaeffers New Zealand Style Deck Sealant that the audience happens to understand what the ad is all about. The ad promotes Schaeffers New Zealand Style Deck Sealant drawing upon its capability to protect a deck from the effects of weather and other environmental factors like rain, moisture, and humidity. The sealant prolongs the life of the deck and protects its color, texture, and strength. Sexuality and eroticism is the underlying theme of the ad. The actor says that he wouldn’t let children get on his d*ck because it was unsafe for them until he applied the sealant on it. He says that even his neighbor knows about his d*ck’s strength after it has been protected with sealant and the neighbor gardening down reaffirms his claim. This ad draws upon men’s obsession with their sexual power that is manifested in the health of their private part. The actor says all about his d*ck that any man would want about his private part in terms of color, quality, and strength regardless of age. With a devilish smile on his face, the actor says, â€Å"After all, summer time’s all about spending time on your d*ck†; it couldn’t be funnier! The reason why makers of the ad put sexuality and eroticism as the underlying theme of the ad is to make the ad memorable for the target audience i.e. men. They know that men are their prime target consumers because construction works are generally executed by men. So they wanted to make an ad that would capture the attention of men and not just that, possibly be the ad that men like to discuss in their gossip in each other’s company. The fact that the actor asks his male neighbor to reaffirm the quality of his d*ck suggests that the ad appeals to men regardless of their sexual orientation. This homosexual element of the ad adds cherry atop the cake. To conclude, the subtle message promoted by the ad of Schaeffers New Zealand Style Deck Sealant is that men

Health informatics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health informatics - Research Paper Example It requires valid techniques and caution in order for success to b realized. The definition of health is refers to the state of an individual having no illness or any injury affecting them. The definition of informatics is refers to the science found in the computer information systems. These two words come together to bring benefit in the healthcare sector. However, health informatics has its own importance, advantages and disadvantages. Health informatics is an important part of the health sector in various ways. For one, through health informatics, important research can be undertaken on serious diseases that trouble many patients. For instance, research on diabetes which affects both adults and children is taken to another level as they try to find ways of making this condition treatable using less harmful treatments. For his reason, having health informatics personnel is important in any clinical institution as it aids in the research department. These personnel will be able to guide the researches using their information technology expertise on how to go deeper in their research on various subjects (Hersh 2009). They will be able to enable the institution identify what might have been missed in the past. This is because they will be using much advanced technology in their research. Health informatics personnel are also important in the clinical sector due to the involvement of several important areas. Some of these areas include reminder systems, electronic health records, data repositories, coding, ontologies and vocabularies as well as data sharing. When such advanced factors are put in the clinical sector of any healthcare environment, then the quality of their health provision is advanced. Communication is made much easier. When the individual in charge needs to confirm a certain concept then they can easily access the materials due t easier

Leadership Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership Scenario - Essay Example Various leadership theories will help in increasing the productivity and maximizing the benefits of innovation and gaining competitive advantage over its competitors. The study will try to solve various managerial issues related to the case study with the guidance of varied leadership theories and models. The case study deals with the complexities faced by two employees in departmental store working under two separate heads. The author of the study will also lay emphasis on the different working procedures of the managers and its impact on the performance of the employees. The study will give an insight into components of leadership theories like transformational, path goal, equity and need goal theory. Finally, the study will conclude recommendations of leadership theories which will help in improvement of performance of the employees and also increase their morale. (b) Case 1: Transformational leadership It is observed that the two departmental store workers Alex and Stephanie work under different managers. It is also observed that the leadership and managerial traits exhibited by these two managers are absolutely distinctive from each other and their impact on the work performance of the employees is absolutely different from each other. ... This allows her to test her creativity skills and also improve her interaction skills communicating largely with the customers and colleagues. However, Alex has been working continuously in single department for weeks which has increased his dissatisfaction and lowered his morale considerably. It is evident from the case study that Dan exhibits an autocratic leadership style which has not only promoted a non congenial work atmosphere but also has lowered the moral of Alex. Transformational leadership style will help the employees to become more active due to their inner motivation, which is triggered by the managers (Hautala, 2006). Transformational leadership theory is directly related to higher productivity, lower employee turnover rates and increasing the morale of the employees. Transformational leadership includes components of charismatic, inspirational leadership, individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation (Ozaralli, 2003). This theory would serve purposeful in enhancing the personality of the managers by enhancing their personality and improving their attitude. Transformational leadership would help in improving the managerial situation and help Dan to portray a positive attitude (Godwin, Neck & Houghton, 2000). It would help Dan to improve his mentality and also he may think of providing rewards, incentives to the employees working under him including Alex. (c) Case 2: Goal Setting Theory Alex has been working in the stocking department since a long time, which has not only created monotonous, dissatisfaction within him but has also instilled negative attitude in him. Unlike, Stephanie, Alex is dissatisfied with his work procedure and is reluctant to resolve his potential issues with his immediate manager. It is evident

Forensic Science In Twenty First Century Criminal Justice Criminology Essay

Forensic Science In Twenty First Century Criminal Justice Criminology Essay Forensic science (often is written as forensics) is a number of different sciences that answer questions of legal system. This may be relevant to a crime or a civil action. It is also relevant to a legal system, more generally forensic science covers the accepted scientific methodology and norms with the help of which the facts regarding some events, or artifacts, or some other physical item that can be the case. In that regard the concept is related to the idea of authentication, where by an interest outside of a legal form exists in determining whether an object is what it wishes to be, or is alleged as being. Nowadays it is certainly easier to solve crime problems than it was 70 years ago, because of the progress that was made in science, and especially in forensic science. New crime solving techniques that appeared were created in order to help law experts to solve cases that are baffling the first time. If we took a look at the role that forensic science plays in the sphere of justice criminal law, we would understand how significant it is in solving crime problems because: It really helps to identify the gist of the crime: we can divide crime into two types: crimes that are accidents and another type is: that are made by design. Analyzing the evidence with the help of a forensic microscope we see experts in enforcement area to understand if the crime can be qualified as a murder, suicide or some other form of accidental death. If it is qualified as a murder, experts tell if the crime was accidental or not. Forensic science is used to detect drug offenses, automobile accidents and burglaries and arsons Forensic science helps to remove someones prejudices to the crime: It makes officers to explore only the evidence and not look at their feelings or instincts. That is why it helps to have the right way to solve a crime (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2004, p. 32). We also should mention that the most important is that, it helps solve the crime itself: Examine such facts as the time of death or any other physical basis, forensics can tell for sure if a man is guilty in the crime or innocent as he claims. Forensic science extends into a lot of sub-sciences which uses natural science techniques to get relevant criminal and legal evidence (Richbourg, J., 2004, p.17). Forensic science specialties of the 21st century include: Forensic Accounting This science allows receiving, examining and taking into account obtained data. Digital Forensics (also called as Computing Forensics) includes scientific methods and techniques used for search, recovery of information on digital media (pictures, e-mail). Forensic Document Examination This science allows studying, recovering and understanding the documents, making an analysis of handwriting and drawings, charts and graphics. Many studies involve a comparison of the observed document, or components of it, to a set of known standards. Forensic Economics The purchasing, researching and understanding of evidence that are from economic field, business. Forensic Engineering This science includes reconstruction, researching and explanation of buildings. (Escholz S., 2002, p. 319). Forensic Linguistics The searching and explanation of language. Forensic Origin and Cause The researching, explanation and identification of a fire for the express purpose of determining the cause of ignition and origin of the fire. Forensic Anthropology is the kind of physical anthropology, relevant to a legal situation, examines bones. Forensic Photography reconstructing, and preceding a photographic explanation of a crime scene. Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry It includes researching, evaluation and understanding of mental illnesses and mans behavior for. Criminalistics is the supplement of combination of clues (i.e. fingerprints imprint footwear impressions and tire tracks), ballistics, trace evidence, controlled material. Criminalistics includes clues collected from different kinds of sciences to find the answers of questions relating to the researching and comparison of criminal investigations. This evidence is usually processed in a crime lab. Forensic Biology includes testing DNA and serological tests of physiological that helps in identification and individualization. Forensic Entomology helps in determination of time and location of death, by studding how insects influence the human remains, also can tell if the body was moved after death or not. Forensic Geology is a kind of science that works with minerals, soils and petroleum (Escholz et al., 2002, p. 321; Surette, 1998.p. 194). Forensic Meteorology is an analysis of prior weather situation, specific to the site being observed. Forensic Odontology is the science about teeth- specifically, the uniqueness of dentition. Forensic Pathology combines the spheres of medicine and pathology, determines the cause of injury or death. Forensic Toxicology is science that helps to give the evaluation and the elucidation of the effects of chemicals, poisons, and drugs on the human body. Forensic archaeology is the example of a mixture of forensics and archaeological techniques. Forensic psychology discovers the humans mind, with scientific methods. It often deals with the circumstances behind a criminals behavior. Forensic video analysis is the scientific research, comparison, and analyzing of video in legal matters (Cather, K.H., 2004, pp.9-10). Forensic engineering is the studding and analyzing of different objects in order to answer questions as to their failure or reason of damage. Forensic limnology is the analyzing of clues gathered from crime scenes in or around fresh water sources. Revision of biological organisms, particularly diatoms, can be used in connecting suspects with victims. Forensic science is very important for policing, criminal investigations and court processes because it helps with: Crime-Solving Contributions. Forensic science helps in to solving crimes through investigative activities such as studding the reason of death, finding missing persons and identifying suspects. Determining Cause of Death. Experts-pathologists define the reason of someones death by making autopsies. Making such procedures, they can tell the reason of death and the time of it. Identifying Suspects. Forensic experts can understand suspects by examine clues got from the scene of a crime ( hairs, blood, fibers and fingerprints). Finding Missing Persons. Scientists can help to find people disappeared a long time using the process of image modification. Using this method, a photograph can show how someone may look after some years without being seen (Cather, K.H., 2004, pp.11; Escholz et al., 2002, p. 339). Profiling Criminals. Forensic experts use profiling when they want to find suspects. While studding a crime accident, they can tell about a criminals personality and patterns. Forensic Science is important because it helps in analyzing of forensic clue is used in the prosecution and investigation of civil and criminal proceedings.   It can help to find the guilt or innocence of suspects. The public is primarily educated about forensic science by Hollywood films and television shows (Barak, 1995, p. 3). Within the past ten years, the emphasis on forensics as a primary tool to solve crimes has increased significantly on broadcast television with shows like CSI. In comparison, Hollywood films have rarely featured a forensic scientist working in a lab or out in the field as a main character. Typically, the police make a stop at the crime lab to drop off or pick up potential evidence, thus move the films investigative plot forward. Nevertheless, as depicted by the media, forensic science is a broad field practiced by both genuine forensic scientists and law enforcement investigators. In the real world, the duties of forensic specialists are normally limited to forensic science techniques; however, police investigators use forensic methods on occasion (Cather, K.H., 2004, p.13) Audiences have learned about forensics from television as well as film. Television has shown both traditional forensic science and the use of forensic science by law enforcement through news shows, documentaries, docudramas and crime dramas. These have been given much greater exposure lo the public in various television formats than Hollywood films ever did. Probably first to focus on forensic scientists were investigative news shows, such as 60 Minutes, 48 Hours, and MSNBC investigates. These often featured repugnant criminal acts that were solved through the use of forensic science evidence. During the mid 1990s, docudramas that focus on forensic scientists began to emerge. New Detectives, FBI Files, and Forensic Files, feature actors to recreate actual cases to depict how forensic science evidence assisted in the successful capture of offenders. Nowadays there are a lot of videos and documentary films about forensics, such as A Case of Murder, Dead Mens Tales, Killers Trail, The Case for Innocence, The Case for Innocence, Jeffersons Blood, The Bone Collector, Murder by Numbers, Kiss the Girls. We should also mention such great television Series with Forensic Science Elements as CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Crossing Jordan, Law and Order (Richbourg, J., 2004, p.19). We can find a lot of True life crime forensic science on television in such shows as: New Detectives, Forensic Files, I, Detective, Cold Case Files, Medical Detectives, Forensic Science, Unsolved History. The fact that television shows aspects of sciences makes it a honor. The TV shows like CSI has made students to be interested in forensics courses. Young people who watch CSI believe that those scenarios, where forensic scientists are always right, are what happen in reality. It means that in court, juries are not always impressed with evidence presented using scientific terms. Another big problem created by media coverage of forensic science is that it informs criminals of the techniques the police use to catch them. That is why, some forensics experts are not willing to cooperate with the media (Cather, K.H., 2004, pp.13). There is an increasing amount of criminals who use gloves while making crimes and even use condoms during rapes in order not to leave their DNA at the scene. As a conclusions we can say that a minority of Americas population has had no direct experience with the criminal justice system (Escholz et al., 2002, p. 328; Surette Otto, 2002, p. 450). That is why those who are called for jury duty know very little of the capabilities of the use of forensic science to resolve criminal investigations. With the media serving as a primary source of information to 95% of the public (Surette, 1998.p. 197), the reality of forensic science in the average citizens mind could be based only on the medial depictions of forensic experts. The ability of media to reach a broad audience seems to have caused a reaction by trial lawyers. For the last several years, the forensic crime drama CSI has surpassed the popularity of any other television show (Nielson Media Research. 2004). Nearly 80% of the surveyed lawyers suspected fans of forensic crime dramas have unrealistic expectations of evidence. The common belief among trial lawyers that forensic crime dramas create such unrealistic expectations seems to have resulted in several changes while preparing for trials and during criminal proceedings. First, a slight majority of the lawyers reported they ask jury candidates if they specifically view forensic crime dramas during voir dire. Attorneys also may be compensating for the possibility that jurors have unrealistic expectations of forensic evidence by submitting additional evidence for forensic testing. Fifty-one percent of the lawyers reported requesting some forensic tests more than they did five years ago. In contras t, prosecuting attorneys maybe requesting further forensic test because of an increased interest in matters involving forensic science by defense attorneys. For every topic of defense interest investigated by the current study, at least 59% of the lawyers reported an increase. The responses to surveys by criminal trial lawyers suggest the majority of attorneys have reacted the current popularity of forensic crime dramas. Before these findings can be accepted as a general nationwide trend, further research in multiple regions of the country is needed. Qualitative and quantitative studies should be designed to test the findings of this study and expound upon this possibility. Better preparation by judges and attorneys to counter such a trend is warranted.

Memo Advising Outline of Marketing Communication Mix :: essays research papers

To: Managing Director of new airline company. From: Marketing Consultant Date: xxxx Subject: Advising on the promotional and advertising campaign outlining the marketing communication mix. People no longer buy shoes to keep their feet warm. They buy shoes because of the way shoes make them feel- masculine, feminine, different, young, and glamorous. Buying shoes has become an emotional experience. Business is now selling excitement rather than shoes. Since the airline company is targeting business persons and others requesting a very personalized treatment it should focus on selling an experience of complete â€Å"V.I.P† treatment in sophistication rather than a simple means of traveling comfortably. The Marketing Communication Mix Another one of the 4P's is 'promotion'. This includes all of the tools available to the marketer for 'marketing communication'. As with Neil H.Borden's marketing mix, marketing communications has its own 'promotions mix.' Think of it like a cake mix, the basic ingredients are always the same. However if you vary the amounts of one of the ingredients, the final outcome is different. It is the same with promotions. You can 'integrate' different aspects of the promotions mix to deliver a unique campaign. The elements of the promotions mix are: 1. Personal selling 2. Sales promotion 3. Public relations 4. Direct marketing 5. Advertising Let us look at the individual components of the promotions mix in more detail. Remember all of the elements are 'integrated' to form a specific communications campaign. 1. Personal Selling Personal Selling is an effective way to manage personal customer relationships. The sales person acts on behalf of the organization. They tend to be well trained in the approaches and techniques of personal selling. However sales people are very expensive and should only be used where there is a genuine return on investment. For example salesmen are often used to sell cars or home improvements where the margin is high. 2. Sales Promotion Sales promotion tends to be thought of as being all promotions apart from advertising, personal selling, and public relations. For example the BOGOF promotion, or Buy One Get One Free. Others include couponing, money-off promotions, competitions, free accessories (such as free blades with a new razor), introductory offers (such as buy digital TV and get free installation), and so on. Each sales promotion should be carefully costed and compared with the next best alternative. 3. Public Relations (PR) Public Relations is defined as 'the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and its publics' (Institute of Public Relations). It is relatively cheap, but certainly not cheap.